Oct 04, 2018 an important challenge in the performance of the dbr is the energy constraint due to limited battery life time, which can cause the entire network to go down. Dowpr dolphin and whale pods routing protocol for underwater. Analysis of performance in depth based routing for underwater wireless sensor networks simonetta balsamo 1, dieter fiems2, mohsin jafri, and andrea marin 1 dais, universit a ca foscari venezia, italy fbalsamo,mohsin. Routing in underwater wireless sensor networks differs from routing in terrestrial wireless sensor. Stochastic modeling of depth based routing in underwater sensor netw orks.
The ns manual formerly ns notes and documentationthe vint project, 2003. The nodes closest to the sink will lose energy more than other network nodes. The pressure sensors are used in support to forwarders. Despite this feature, uwsns which operate with the employment of dbr protocol are vulnerable to depth spoofing attack. Here, we investigate the routing and time synchronization problem in the context of underwater sensor networks uwsns. Major challenges are the ocean current and the limited resources bandwidth and energy. Ieee international conference on information and multimedia technology icimt 2009, jeju island korea, pp. International journal on smart sensing and intelligent systems. In underwater acoustic sensor networks uasns, fundamental difference. Akyildiz, a resilient routing algorithm for longterm applications in underwater sensor networks, in proc.
Kaleem3 and sajid nazir4 department of electrical engineering comsats institute of information technology, al yamamah university islamabad, pakistan1,2,3, london south bank university london, united. Dynamic cdbr for underwater wireless sensor networks. Cluster depth based routing cdbr protocol for under water wireless sensor network uwsn which is an upgraded version of depth based routing dbr and energy efficie nt depth based routing eedbr. The tbrl is compared with other well known routing protocols, i. Providing scalable and efficient routing services in underwater sensor networks uwsns is very challenging due to the unique characteristics. The underwater wireless sensor networks have been receiving a great attention. Dbr well utilizes the general underwater sensor network architecture. Underwater sensor network uwsn is a representative. Pdf reliable path selection and opportunistic routing.
In this paper, we propose an energy harvesting depth based routing protocol eh dbr protocol. Energy harvesting depth based routing for underwater. During the first stage, a mathematical model is constructed for. An energyefficient routing algorithm for underwater. In 4, a novel routing protocol called depth based routing dbr uses the. Improved energybalanced algorithm for underwater wireless. Energyefficient regional based cooperative routing. Keywords underwater sensor networks, routing protocols, depthbased routing, energy efficienct routing 1 introduction in the recent years, uwsns have emerged as a major research domain due to their applications for the management of seabed, pollution monitoring, seismic monitoring etc. Dbr uses the depth of the sensor nodes as a metric for forwarding data packets.
To improve the performance of wdfad dbr, we propose dolphin and whale pod routing protocol dowpr. In, a depthbased routing protocol dbr was developed to route a packet from any sensor to the sink node according to the nodes depth level. Analysis of performance in depth based routing for. In this paper, we propose a cooperative routing scheme for uwsns to enhance network performance. As all underwater nodes in the network send packets by broadcasting with an omnidirec. Depthbased routing for underwater sensor networks providing scalable and ecient routing services in underwater sensor net works uwsns is very challenging due to the unique. One of its strengths is that it is a localisationfree routing 5 protocol.
It requires only depth information to perform the routing process. Underwater wireless sensor networks, dynamically reconfigurable, routing protocol, ns2 citation information. Researcharticle an energyefficient routing algorithm for underwater wireless sensor networks inspired by ultrasonic frogs mingxu,1,2 guangzhongliu,1 andhuafengwu3. Delaysensitive routing schemes for underwater acoustic. Research article improving both energy and time efficiency. In networking 2008 ad hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet, pp. Kaleem3 and sajid nazir4 department of electrical engineering comsats institute of information technology, al yamamah university islamabad, pakistan1,2,3, london south bank. Request pdf an energyefficient and reliable depthbased routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network er dbr underwater sensor network usn has a wide range of aquatic. By the word multiple sinks mean, the dbr protocol encompasses the use of.
Clustering depth based routing for underwater wireless sensor. Due to the harsh underwater environment, energy efficiency is a significant theme should be considered for routing in uwsns. Dbr is the initial routing protocol in the category of depthbased routing and its major deficiency is also a high delay due to large nodal delay. The design of routing protocols for underwater acoustic sensor networks uasns poses many challenges due to long propagation, high mobility, limited bandwidth, multipath and doppler effect. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns have a lot of potential application areas such as oceanographic data collection, disaster prevention, pollution monitoring. We give the explanation in the case of omnidirectional antennas following the schema of figure 1.
Most of the existing routing protocols used for underwater wireless sensor networks, such as depth based routing dbr protocol use a greedy approach to deliver. In this paper, depth based secure routing protocol is proposed to overcome. During data forwarding, the sender includes its depth in the data packet. However, the acoustic routing of underwater sensor networks in the aquatic. Parametric comparative analysis of underwater wireless sensor. In this paper, we propose a depthbased routing dbr protocol. Another factor is the manual labor associated with the installation. An efficient and reliable geographic routing protocol based. The receiving nodes compare their depths to the depth of the sender. An energyefficient routing algorithm for underwater wireless sensor networks inspired by ultrasonic frogs. Dynamically reconfigurable routing protocol design for underwater wireless sensor network. Depthbased routing for underwater sensor networks hai yan, zhijie jerry shi, and junhong cui department of computer science and engineering university of connecticut, storrs, ct 062692155 emails. Towards delaysensitive routing in underwater wireless. The depth based routing dbr protocol is proposed to route packets based on the depth of sensor nodes in the network 29.
The dbr allows nodes to forward data to the node at a. This requires sensor node mobility to make underwater communication wide scalable. Improving both energy and time efficiency of depthbased. The groundbased wireless sensor networks and underwater wireless sensor networks are distinguished from each other. Parametric comparative analysis of underwater wireless. A powerefficient routing protocol for underwater wireless. Abstractdepthbased protocol has gained considerable attention as an efficient routing scheme for underwater wireless sensor networks fixing are applicable features using underwater sensor uwsns.
The results show that dbr can achieve very high packet delivery ratios at least 95% for dense networks with only small communication cost. In this paper, we propose a depth based routing dbr protocol. Moreover, our routing protocol can take advantage of a multiplesink underwater sensor network architecture without introducing extra cost. Innovative routing solutions are therefore required for efficient data forwarding. Thus based on the depth information of each sensor, dbr forwards data packets greedily towards the water surface. Next generation internet, in networking ad hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, p 7286. Depth based routing protocol using smart clustered sensor nodes in. An energyefficient and reliable depthbased routing protocol. Delaysensitive dbr delay sensitive depthbased routing dsdbr is an improvedversionofdbr,whichnotonlyperformsrouting. A multipopulation firefly algorithm for correlated data. Jan 01, 2014 in underwater acoustic sensor networks uasns, fundamental difference between operational methodologies of routing schemes arises due to the requirement of timecritical applications therefore, there is a need for the design of delaysensitive techniques. Depthbased routing for underwater sensor networks proceedings of networking 2008. Underwater positioning is also a particularly tricky task since the high attenuation of radiofrequency signals in uwsns. Innovative routing and time synchronization in underwater.
Innovative routing and time synchronization in underwater sensor networks vidya. Deepernodesforwardpackets to shallower nodes greedily. Dbr works based on the depth of the nodes in which, the nodes at the lesser depth acts as a forwarding medium. Vibrant underwater weather conditions and node movement make designing of an efficient routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor network a challenging task.
Ad hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet. Adaptive holding time and depthbased routing for underwater. A survey of routing issues and associated protocols in underwater. The existing weighting depth and forwarding area division depth based routing wdfad dbr protocol considers the weighting depth of the two hops in order to select the next potential forwarding node pfn. An optimized depthbased routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks odbr was also proposed. Comparative analysis of routing protocols for under water. In 8, a localizationfree routing protocol called depth based routing dbr was proposed.
Routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks mdpi. An efficient and reliable geographic routing protocol. By examining the flooding as well as depthbased routing protocols, we compensate for the deficiencies in these. Pdf delaysensitive routing schemes for underwater acoustic. Depth based routing dbr is the pioneering protocol in the. A depthbased secure routing protocol for underwater. Improving both energy and time efficiency of depthbased routing. In this field, the design of energyefficient communication protocols is a crucial task as battery replacement may be unfeasible in practical scenarios.
Mission critical applications impose the requirements of reliability and network efficiency on underwater wireless sensor networks uwsn. Instead, it needs only local depth information, which can be easily obtained with an inexpensive depth sensor that can be equipped in every underwater sensor node. We discuss the underwater channel model in section 3. Interest in underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns based on acoustic communication has rapidly grown over the last decade. Recall that the goal of the model is that of delivering a packet to the nodes oating on the. Depth based routing protocol dbr is a network layer protocol that uses some crosslayer features. A secure communication in iot enabled underwater and. The protocol address a shortcoming point which exists in dbr protocol. Tbrl is simulated with the help of a network simulator tool ns2 aquasim. Analysis of performance in depth based routing for underwater. Withpressure gauge equipped, underwater nodes can be aware of accuratedepthallthetime. In dbr, routing is based on the depth of the sensor nodes. Analysis and optimisations in depthbased routing for underwater.
As depthbased routing protocol dbr uses depth information only. Depthbased routing protocol dbr onlyrequires depthonedimensionalinformationforrouting. Dbr does not require fulldimensional location information of sensor nodes. Depth based routing dbr protocol 27 does not need any earlier information. Energyefficient depthbased opportunistic routing with q.
In this paper, we propose a novel protocol, called depthbased routing dbr, for underwater sensor networks. Underwater sensor networks have recently emerged as a promising networking technique for various underwater applications. The first pressure routing protocol recommended for the underwater environment is the depthbased routing dbr 29. To this aim, we designed a novel simulator for studying dbr and its. Lightweight depth based routing ldbr was also proposed to enhance dbr for underwater wireless sensor network 16. Dbr works based on the depth of the nodes in which, the nodes at the lesser depth acts as a. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns have aroused increasing interest of many researchers in industry, military, commerce and academe recently. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns 2 are used for a large number of applications. Time synchronization plays a critical role in distributed network system. Sep 12, 2019 considering the insufficient global energy consumption optimization of the existing routing algorithms for underwater wireless sensor network uwsn, a new algorithm, named improved energybalanced routing iebr, is designed in this paper for uwsn. Thresholdoptimized dbr protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks.
An energyefficient routing algorithm for underwater wireless. An energy efficient localizationfree routing protocol for. May 05, 2008 in this paper, we propose a depthbased routing dbr protocol. Efficient dynamic addressing based routing for underwater. Tan, multipath virtual sink architecture for underwater sensor networks, in oceans 2006 asia pacific, 2006, pp16. Proceedings of the 7th international ifiptc6 networking conference on ad hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet. Clustering depth based routing for underwater wireless sensor networks abstract. Towards delaysensitive routing in underwater wireless sensor. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsn attracts a lot of attention of the researchers, due to its military applications, environmental monitoring and prediction of natural disaster. Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4982 2008, pp. Underwater wireless sensor networks are a newly emerging wireless. Dynamically reconfigurable routing protocol design for.
In underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns, traditional enhancements of depthbased routing dbr scheme rely either on increasing the network overhead or on the adoption of offline localization schemes to improve the network performance in terms of energy consumption, endtoend delay or network throughput. In this paper, the main focus is on the improvement of. Underwater wireless sensor networks uwsn provide a promising solution for. Beenish ayaz alastair allen marian wiercigroch keywords. Section 4 presents the problem statement of dbr, eedbr, and amctd. Pdf optimized depthbased routing protocol for underwater. Research article improving both energy and time efficiency of. An energyefficient and reliable depthbased routing. Each node in this protocol is equipped with a cost effective pressure sensor used for locally calculating the depth of node. Stochastic modeling of depth based routing in underwater. Depthbased protocol has gained considerable attention as an efficient routing scheme for underwater wireless sensor networks uwsns. To improve the performance of wdfad dbr, we propose dolphin and whale pod routing. Clustering depth based routing for underwater wireless.
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